How to Prepare Acetic Acid, 2N

Acetic acid
Chemical Compound
Acetic acid /əˈsiːtᵻk/, systematically named ethanoic acid /ˌɛθəˈnoʊᵻk/, is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH₃COOH. It is a colourless liquid that when undiluted is also called glacial acetic acid.Wikipedia
Formula: CH₃COOH
Molar mass: 60.05 g/mol
Density: 1.05 g/cm³
Boiling point: 118 °C
IUPAC ID: Acetic acid
Melting point: 16 °C

C2H4O2, 60.05

If solid, add 120.10 g of Acetic Acid in 1000 mL of water to produce 2N Acetic Acid

If acid in a liquid form, 

Add 116 mL of glacial acetic acid to sufficient water to make 1000 mL after cooling to room temperature.

Please be careful in handling and preparing acids. Wear gloves, goggles and safety devices as necessary. 

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How to Test for Hard Water

You can do a fairly reliable unscientific test to see if you have a problematic level of hard water in your home by doing the following test with liquid dish washing soap:

Take a clean empty plastic bottle having a cap (such as a clean, clear pop bottle);

Remove the cap;

Open your tap water faucet and fill the bottle with about a half-cup of water (8 to 10 ounces);

Add 10 drops of dish washing liquid;

Shake well;

If the soapy solution foams up quickly you are good and the water is not hard;

If it does not foam up but instead creates a milk-curd-like or soapy film on the water surface then the water is likely hard.

If you have hard water scale build-up on your shower door or white scale on your faucet aerator, this is also another indicator your water is too hard.

You can also send a water sample out for testing to a certified water testing laboratory. Hard water is anything above 1 grain of hardness per gallon. (A grain of hardness is an amount of calcium and magnesium equal in weight to a kernel of wheat).

• Less than 1.0 = Soft
• 1.0 - 3.5 = Slightly Hard
• 3.5 - 7.0 = Moderately Hard
• 7.0 - 10.5 = Hard
• Over 10.5 = Very Hard

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How to Test Skin Care Water Content

Simple and effective way as a chemist or home user to test in the laboratory or at home the water content of a skin care or skin cream

1. Weight 5 to 10 grams of the sample in a tared hot plate or tared or pre-weighed beaker.
2. Record the weight of the empty plate or beaker as WB
3. Record the wight of the sample of the skincare as WS
4. Put the plate and the sample in an oven for a period of 1 hour at a temperature of 100-105 degrees Celcius

Caclculate the value of the water content with the following formula

WA - WB

Water Content = ----------------- x 100 - 100

WS

Example = Weight After = 56.40 grams

Weight Before = 52 grams

Weight of the sample = 5 grams

So

Water Content is 56.40 - 52.0

----------------- x 100 - 100

5.0

= 12% Water Content

Water Content that is at least below 85% is passed or of good or tolerable quality. Skin Care and Skin creams water content are done this simple way in laboratories, of cosmetics and skin care labs. There are other ways to test water content, but we will tackle that in the next few posts. This is ideal as testing is done to know that skin care or skin creams is not full of water or mostly made up of water.

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